Intellectual Battles and their Manifestations in Andalusian Poetry The Almoravid, Almohad and Beni Al-Ahmar Eras as a Model A Comparative study

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the battles and intellectual conflicts that took place arguing, debating, controversy, and conflict between Muslim jurists, scholars, writers, philosophers, Sufis, thinkers, and people of experimental sciences as a basis for their establishment. I have chosen the Almoravid, Almohad, and Bani al-Ahmar eras as their field. This is because each age carries a different nature and intellectual implications than the era that precedes it or after it with a balanced approach relying on three topics: The first topic included the intellectual battle of a scientific nature, and the second topic focused on studying the intellectual battle of a philosophical nature. While the third topic examines the intellectual battle of a literary and grammatical nature.