Assessment of the Ecosystem in Diyala Governorate Using Spectral Indices

Abstract

Spectral indicators play an important role in detecting ecosystem degradation, especially in areas affected by desertification and degradation such as Diyala Governorate. These indicators rely on the analysis of spectral data extracted from satellite images, allowing for monitoring changes in soil, vegetation and the environment in general. The important topics are that they affect the environment in light of the information revolution and digital technologies that the world is witnessing, which have left room for a vision that simulates reality to reveal the behavioral impact of changes in the ecosystem. The area of ​​the study area was 17,617 km2, as it became clear that the area of ​​barren lands in 2010 was 6,808 km2, and in 2023 the area increased to 8,802 km2. As for the wind erosion index for 2010, it was 3,989 km2, and its area increased in 2023 to 5,809 km2. This difference in proportions is due to several reasons