Challenges and Prospects of the Electrical Energy System in Al-Anbar Governorate – Iraq

Abstract

Al-Anbar Governorate faces significant challenges in its electrical energy system due to deteriorating infrastructure, weak transmission and distribution networks, high rates of technical losses, and increased electricity demand driven by population growth and urban expansion. Data for the period 2020–2024 indicate that the annual deficit reached 684 MW in 2021, while the total losses from technical failures and accidents in 2024 amounted to approximately 3,847.2 MW, with the highest losses observed in the eastern part of the governorate at 56.4%.

The study reveals that administrative shortcomings, lack of strategic planning, poor coordination among authorities, and delays in implementing essential projects have directly contributed to the inefficiency of the electrical system. Additionally, security incidents affecting transmission lines and substations, the use of conventional meters, and improper electricity consumption by residents have exacerbated the problems.

Renewable energy analyses indicate the potential for solar energy utilization, with an annual radiation rate of 537.1 MW/m²/day at the Rutba station, and wind energy exploitation in areas such as Al-Qa’im and Nukhaib, where the annual average wind speed reaches 3.8 m/s. Accordingly, the study recommends developing infrastructure, upgrading transmission and distribution networks, installing smart meters, and establishing solar power plants and wind farms to reduce losses and ensure stable and sustainable electricity supply in the governorate.