Theoretical Foundations of Natural Hazard Geography in AlQazwini’s Work: An Analysis in Light of Modern Concepts

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the  theoretical foundations of natural hazard geography in the works of Al-Qazwini and to highlight the nature of early awareness of these phenomena within Arab geographical thought. The research adopts a historical  analytical approach through a close reading of Al Qazwini’s texts related to natural hazards—particularly earthquakes, volcanoes, and floods—and examines them  in light of modern scientific concepts.  The findings reveal that Al-Qazwini went beyond mere  descriptive narration, offering preliminary  interpretations of the nature and causes of these hazards  that reflect an advanced level of environmental and  geographical understanding for his time.  The study also shows that these treatments represent an early conceptual core for what is known today as  Hazard Geography ، This indicates a deep historical extension of this branch within the Islamic geographical heritage. This research contributes to a re-reading of geographical heritage as an active source of knowledge, not merely a descriptive record ، He emphasizes the importance of integrating these perspectives into geographical studies.