Human Activities and Their Impact on the Pollution of Tigris River Water between Al-Muthanna Bridge and Al-Jadriya

Abstract

The research aims to evaluate the relationship between Tigris River water pollution and human activities between Al-Muthanna Bridge and Al-Jadriya, in order to identify the relationship between human activity and its repercussions on water pollution, and an attempt to show the patterns of spatial and temporal variation of these human effects on the problem of water pollution in the city of Baghdad.

The research relied on official government data and field surveys for the purpose of selecting water pollution samples and analyzing their characteristics to identify the impact of human activity in determining the problem of water pollution.

The research has concluded that the pollution elements for the period (2020-2023) within the seasonal characteristics indicate positive percentages of change between the water entering the Tigris River, as it is at the Muthanna Bridge by (27) km at the Jadriya Bridge, and increases at Jadriya over Muthanna by (100)%. It was found that the Medical City Station affiliated with the Rusafa Municipality Department leads with the highest discharge rate of (44.6)%, while the Al-Jisr Al-Muallaq Rain Station affiliated with the Karrada Municipality Department records the lowest discharge rate of (0.5)%. It was also found through the researcher's field survey using the Global Positioning System (GPS) within (25) spatial monitoring points for pollutants that human activities practice water pollution through residential drainage pollutants, industrial drainage pollutants, and mixed drainage pollutants between residential and industrial. We have identified the type of activity and taken pictures that affect the state of human activities encroachment on the river environment. Understanding the human impact on health, industrial activity and domestic wastewater has a negative role in activating the problem of water pollution within the Muthanna Bridge Al-Jadriya area, and therefore paying attention to it is of utmost importance; given the limited water availability and the emergence of the problem of drought and lack of water flows, which is one of the most important indicators of climate change. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up on the problem of water pollution and give it attention when planning urban policies in the city of Baghdad, and reduce it by protecting the river from the discharge of pollutants and treating them