The Theological Implications in the Story of Bilqīs, Queen of Sheba (An Analytical Theological Study)

Abstract

The story of Bilqīs—the Queen of Sheba—as presented specifically in Sūrat al-Naml, stands as one of the most prominent Qur’anic narratives bearing significant and profound theological implications. It is closely linked to fundamental issues such as the absolute omnipotence of God, the affirmation of supernatural phenomena, the distinction between miracles, saintly wonders, and sorcery, as well as the delimitation of the capacities of created beings, whether jinn or humans. This narrative also reveals the divergent positions of major Islamic theological schools and philosophers regarding the interpretation of extraordinary events, ranging from those who affirm them to those who deny or reinterpret them.

This study further aims to examine the theological dimensions embedded in the account of the throne of Bilqīs by presenting the Qur’anic text and the statements of classical exegetes, ultimately clarifying the sound methodological approach to understanding this narrative and the faith-based truths it conveys. The research also explains how Bilqīs had previously worshipped the sun instead of God, and how she eventually submitted herself to God—Exalted is He—alongside Prophet Sulaymān son of Dāwūd (peace be upon him) upon realizing that worshipping God alone is the truth