Spatial Modeling for Measuring the Rural Development Index (RDI) in Shekhan District

Abstract

Abstract

This study aims to develop a spatial model for measuring the Rural Development Index (RDI) in the Shekhan District by utilizing spatial analysis tools and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in conjunction with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Multisource data covering the natural, human, and economic aspects were collected, normalized, and analyzed using advanced tools within the ArcGIS Pro environment, including Model Builder and Zonal Statistics.

The study relied on 18 variables grouped into three main dimensions, whose relative weights were determined through expert evaluations and pairwise comparisons using the AHP methodology. After integrating the variables into a composite model, the results were classified into five standardized categories reflecting spatial disparities in rural development levels. The findings revealed that higher development levels are concentrated in the central parts of the district, particularly around the Shekhan center, while northern areas suffer from severe developmental deficiencies due to rugged terrain and weak infrastructure.

This study provides a quantitative and visual analytical tool for decision-makers to guide resource allocation toward priority areas. It also promotes the principle of spatial equity in the distribution of services, thereby contributing to the achievement of sustainable rural development based on reliable spatial data.