حركة المعارضة السياسية في المملكة العربيّة السعوديّة 1902 – 2014

Abstract

This paper highlights the political, intellectual and anti-Saudi ruling opposition parties since Ibn Saud took over AL-Riyadh in 1902 until the end of King Abdullah Ibn Abdul-Aziz ruling late 2014. Besides, there is no political movement or party allowed to work or to get a license to do its job as a result of Saudi Law known as state security law issued in 1961. It includes execution or life imprisonment sentence against anyone working in any party or anti-political movement.
And the paper is divided into five big movements, they are as follows: tribal, national, social-Marxist, liberal-reform and religious movements. So, every movement embraces a number of parties, political movements or organization. Although a lot of parties of the aforementioned movements are overlapped historically, it means that the timing of their establishment was close to each other. Therefore, it cannot be dealt with in an arranged way in accordance with the dates of their establishments, every movement or political party is dealt with separately. So, all the situations of their formations and their historical realities should be highlighted to clarify the calculated political phenomena and historical approach practically