The Rise of the Mamluk State and the Balance of Power

Abstract

 the Mamluk state in Egypt and the Levant. The Mamluk state was a product of the states that preceded it, but it was characterized by a military character in terms of its roots, establishment, and military origins. It is worth noting that the assassination of Al-Mu'azzam Turan Shah (648 AH) marked the end of Ayyubid rule and the rise of the Mamluk state, with its two branches: the Bahri Mamluks (648 AH - 784 AH) and the Burji Mamluks (784 AH - 923 AH). The Bahri Mamluks succeeded in eliminating the two most significant threats to the Islamic world: the Crusaders and the Mongols. Only the Mamluks, led by Al-Muzaffar Qutuz, stood up to them. From this perspective, the rise of the Mamluk state and the balance of power were studied along several axes. The first axis is "Mamluks in language and terminology," the second is "origin and emergence," the third is "the emergence of the Mamluks," the fourth is "the name of the Mamluks," the fifth is "the rise of the Bahri Mamluk state," the sixth is "the rise of the Burji Mamluks," and the seventh and final section is "the rise of the Burji Mamluk state." In this study, we attempt to shed light on the rise of the Mamluk state and its impact on Islamic history.