Morphometric analysis of Saknian Valley basin in Erbil Governorate using GIS

Abstract

The research aims to analyze the morphometrics of the Saknian Valley Basin by analyzing the digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 30 × 30 and understanding and knowing the characteristics of the drainage basin that flows into the Warta Valley in the western part of the basin. The study showed that the basin had an area of ​​226 km2 and a length of 6.22 km. The drainage network was extracted based on geographic information systems, where the circularity ratio reached (0.44), which are low values ​​far from circularity. The elongation ratio reached( 0.75) and the ruggedness ratio reached(120.35) which is a high ratio and the activity of the erosion process. As for the hypsometric curve, its value was(37.78), which indicates the progress of the basin in the aging stage. The ruggedness value reached(9.54). The study of the characteristics of the drainage network showed that the basin consists of (1428) channels, there are 7 ranks, totaling( 795) km2. The water drainage density reached(3.51)km2 and the density of their numbers reached (6.31)valleys/km2.