The Geomorphological Map of the Um Rahl Area: A Comparative Cartographic Analysis of the Dutch ITC System and the Local Classification System Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Abstract

This research focuses on the preparation of geomorphological maps for the "Um Rahil" region using the Dutch ITC system and a proposed local system. It reviews the methodology used in field mapping of geomorphology and its significance in analyzing landforms and monitoring geomorphological changes. The emphasis is placed on classifying landforms based on their origin, including tectonic-structural, hydrological, aeolian, and glacial types. Modern technologies such as Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and satellite imagery were utilized to provide greater accuracy in map preparation. 

The Dutch ITC system is a global standard for geomorphological mapping; however, it does not fully capture the geographical characteristics of the study area due to its general nature, which does not entirely fit arid and desert environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a local system that considers the unique geomorphological processes of the region, enhancing cartographic coding and providing more detailed information about landforms. This can be achieved by integrating modern technology with local geographical knowledge, contributing to more precise tools for terrain study and sustainable management.