Spatial analysis of indicators of desertification manifestations in Abi Ghraib District

Abstract

The research included a spatial analysis of the manifestations of desertification in the Abu Ghraib district, as three years were chosen: 2002, 2013, and 2023, to determine the NDVI index - NPVN. The research revealed that there is a variation in these years due to natural factors, the most important of which are the rise in temperature, the increase in the causes of drought, and the decline in water flow, which coincides with a decrease in The amounts of rain, which led to water scarcity, and also the transformation of large areas of it into barren and abandoned, as well as human factors, the most important of which are human mismanagement of agricultural lands and urban expansion, as well as overgrazing and logging as a result of the security conditions from the year 2013, which forced people to cut down plants and trees unjustly. It appears to us that the result of the NDWI was significantly negative in the three study cases, and the result of the NDVI was also significantly negative. We have concluded from the three study cases that there is an increase in indicators of desertification and decline in vegetation cover, consistent with what is happening in the water cover index.