Analysis of the impact of climate change on soil moisture using remote sensing data in Al Khalis District

Abstract

    Climate changes, which are represented by an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall, especially in dry environments, have serious effects on water resources, the biological environment, and economic activities, and as a result of the increase in temperature and the increase in evaporation/transpiration values, which is reflected in the variation in the amount of soil moisture in the study area and thus makes the area suffer. From the low amount of water and low agricultural productivity. In this research, the general trend of annual rainfall and surface temperature was identified because of their direct impact on soil moisture. The elements of temperature and rainfall were relied upon for the purpose of analyzing their general trends and the changes that occurred during the study period and linking climate changes. These elements and their impact on soil moisture in the study area. Considering that climate change is of a general, comprehensive nature and covers large areas, one of the preferred methods for tracking its potential effects on various aspects of life is to integrate climate data with satellite visualization data by relying on a number of satellite visualizations for the period of time 1990-2022, if models for humid, semi-humid, and sub-humid rainy seasons are chosen. Dry and arid, represented by the rainy seasons (1993, 2001, 2009, 2022), as the two moisture stress indicators (NDMI) as well as the water cover index (NDWI) were analyzed for the purpose of analyzing the moisture content of the soil and knowing its temporal and spatial variations according to the selected models. Data from the American satellite LANDSAT were adopted. 5-7-8 Because of its ability to provide spatial and temporal data covering a wide area at the same time, as well as detect changes that occurred in soil moisture amounts during that period of time.